amakuru

Ijambo rusange kubikoresho byibyuma bifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kwambara, ibyuma birwanya kwambara nubwoko bukoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bidashobora kwambara muri iki gihe.

Ibyiciro

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma bidashobora kwambara, bishobora kugabanywa hafi yicyuma kinini cya manganese, icyuma giciriritse nicyuma gike cyihanganira kwambara, chrome-molybdenum-silicon-manganese ibyuma, ibyuma birwanya cavitation, ibyuma birwanya kwambara no kwambara bidasanzwe -ibyuma birwanya.Ibyuma bimwe mubisanzwe muri rusange nk'ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma bitwara ibyuma, ibyuma bivanga ibyuma hamwe nibyuma byubatswe nabyo bikoreshwa nkibyuma bidashobora kwangirika mubihe byihariye.Kuberako isoko yabyo yoroshye nibikorwa byiza, bikoreshwa no mugukoresha ibyuma birinda kwambara.ijanisha runaka.

ibigize imiti

Icyuma giciriritse kandi gike cyoroshye kwihanganira ibyuma bisanzwe birimo ibintu bya shimi nka silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, nikel, titanium, boron, umuringa, isi idasanzwe, nibindi. Imirongo yimashini nini nini nini nini nini. muri Amerika bikozwe muri chrome-molybdenum-silicon-manganese cyangwa ibyuma bya chrome-molybdenum.Imipira myinshi yo gusya muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika ikozwe mubyuma biciriritse kandi birebire bya karubone chrome molybdenum.Kubikorwa byakazi bikora mubihe bidasanzwe byo kwambara mubushyuhe bwo hejuru (nka 200 kugeza 500 ° C) cyangwa ibihangano bikora hejuru yubushyuhe bukabije bitewe nubushyuhe bwo guterana amagambo, ibinyobwa nka chrome-molybdenum-vanadium, chrome-molybdenum-vanadium-nikel cyangwa chrome-molybdenum-vanadium-tungsten alloys irashobora gukoreshwa.Gusya ibyuma, nyuma yubwoko bwibyuma bizimye kandi bigashyuha mubushyuhe bwo hagati cyangwa hejuru, hari ingaruka ya kabiri yo gukomera.

Porogaramu

Ibyuma bidashobora kwambara bikoreshwa cyane mu mashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, gucukura amakara no gutwara abantu, imashini zubaka, imashini z’ubuhinzi, ibikoresho byo kubaka, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi n’andi mashami.Kurugero, imipira yicyuma, isahani yumurongo wurusyo rwumupira, amenyo yindobo nindobo za excavator, urukuta rwa minisiteri, amasahani yinyo hamwe numutwe winyundo za crusher zitandukanye, inkweto za traktor na tank, gukubita amasahani yinganda zabafana, umuhanda wa gari ya moshi Forks, hagati groove-in-plaque, grooves, iminyururu izenguruka kubatwara scraper mu birombe byamakara, ibyuma n amenyo ya buldozeri, imirongo yindobo nini yikamyo yamashanyarazi, bitsike ya roller cone yo gutobora amavuta hamwe nubutare bwicyuma, nibindi, urutonde rwavuzwe haruguru ni ahanini bigarukira gusa ku gukoresha ibyuma birwanya kwambara bikoreshwa no kwambara nabi, kandi ubwoko bwibikorwa byose bifite umuvuduko ugereranije mumashini atandukanye bizabyara ubwoko butandukanye bwo kwambara, bizamura imbaraga zo kurwanya ibikoresho byakazi.Ibisabwa gusya cyangwa gukoresha ibyuma birwanya kwambara, ingero ni nyinshi.Itangazamakuru ryo gusya (imipira, inkoni n'imirongo) bikoreshwa mu ruganda rwa sima na sima ni ibikoresho byo kwambara ibyuma byinshi.Muri Reta zunzubumwe zunzubumwe zamerika, imipira yo gusya ahanini ihimbwa cyangwa igaterwa hamwe na karubone hamwe nicyuma kivanze, bingana na 97% byimikoreshereze yumupira wose.Muri Kanada, imipira yicyuma igera kuri 81% yimipira yo gusya yakoreshejwe.Dukurikije imibare yo mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, Ubushinwa bukoresha buri mwaka imipira yo gusya ni toni 800.000 kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe, kandi buri mwaka ikoreshwa ry'urusyo mu gihugu hose ni hafi toni 200.000, ibyinshi muri byo bikaba ari ibyuma.Umuyoboro wo hagati wa convoyeur mu bucukuzi bw'amakara mu Bushinwa ukoresha toni 60.000 kugeza 80.000 z'ibyuma buri mwaka.