amakuru

Vuba aha, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’andi mashami atatu bafatanije gutanga “Igitekerezo kiyobora mu guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw’inganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma”.“Ibitekerezo” byerekanaga ko mu 2025, inganda z’icyuma n’ibyuma zizaba ahanini zigize uburyo bwiza bwo kwiteza imbere bugaragaza imiterere ihamye, itangwa ry’umutungo uhamye, ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho bigezweho, ikiranga ubuziranenge, urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubwenge, guhangana ku isi hose , icyatsi, karuboni nkeya niterambere rirambye..

“Gahunda ya 14-yimyaka itanu” ni igihe gikomeye cyo guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw’inganda zibisi.Muri 2021, ibikorwa rusange byinganda zibyuma bizaba byiza, kandi inyungu zizagera kurwego rwiza mumateka, bizashyiraho urufatiro rwiza rwiterambere ryiza ryinganda.Mu 2022, imbere y’ibibazo n’ingorabahizi, inganda z’ibyuma zigomba gutsimbarara ku gutera imbere mu gihe zigumya umutekano, kandi zihutisha umuvuduko w’iterambere ryiza cyane hakurikijwe umurongo ngenderwaho wa “Ibitekerezo”.

Kwihutisha kuzamura ubuziranenge no gukora neza

Muri 2021, kubera isoko rikenewe cyane, inganda zicyuma nicyuma ziratera imbere cyane.Amafaranga yinjije mu bikorwa by’inganda nini nini nini nini n’inganda ziciriritse n’icyuma mu 2021 ni tiriyari 6.93, yu mwaka ku mwaka yiyongereyeho 32.7%;inyungu zose zegeranijwe ni miliyari 352.4 Yuan, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 59.7%;inyungu yo kugurisha Igipimo cyageze kuri 5.08%, cyiyongereyeho 0,85 ku ijana kuva 2020.

Ku bijyanye n’icyifuzo cy’ibyuma bikenerwa mu 2022, Ishyirahamwe ry’icyuma n’ibyuma mu Bushinwa rivuga ko biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cy’icyuma cyose kizaba gihwanye cyane n’icyo mu 2021. Ibyavuye mu iteganyagihe by’ikigo gishinzwe igenamigambi n’ubushakashatsi bw’ubushakashatsi bwa Metallurgical cyerekana ko igihugu cyanjye gikeneye ibyuma izagabanuka gato muri 2022. Ku bijyanye n’inganda, icyifuzo cy’ibyuma mu nganda nk’imashini, imodoka, kubaka ubwato, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, gari ya moshi, amagare, na moto byakomeje kwiyongera, ariko icyifuzo cy’ibyuma mu nganda nk’ubwubatsi, ingufu, kontineri, nibicuruzwa byaragabanutse.

Nubwo ubuhanuzi bwavuzwe haruguru butandukanye, nta gushidikanya ko, guhangana n’ibihe bishya mu cyiciro gishya cy’iterambere ry’ubuziranenge, icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa byinshi by’ibanze nkibyuma, aluminium electrolytike, na sima mu gihugu cyanjye bizabikora gahoro gahoro cyangwa wegere igihe cyo hejuru cyigihe, kandi icyifuzo cyo kwaguka kwinshi no kugereranya kwaguka bigenda bigabanuka.Mu gihe igitutu cy’ubushobozi burenze urugero, inganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma zigomba kurushaho guteza imbere ivugurura ry’inzego z’ibicuruzwa, guhuriza hamwe no kunoza ibisubizo byo kugabanya ubushobozi bukabije, guharanira gukomeza gushyira mu gaciro hagati y’isoko n’ibisabwa, kandi byihuta kuzamura ubuziranenge no gukora neza.

“Ibitekerezo” byavuze neza ko igenzura ryinshi rigomba kubahirizwa.Kunoza politiki yo kugenzura ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, kunoza ivugururwa ry’itangwa ry’ibintu, gushyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo gusimbuza ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, kubuza byimazeyo ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora ibyuma, gushyigikira urwego rwo hejuru no kuvanaho abari hasi, gushishikariza guhuza uturere n’ibihugu byombi guhuza no kuvugurura, no kongera ingufu mu nganda .

Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubushinwa ry’ibyuma n’ibyuma ryashyizwe ahagaragara, muri uyu mwaka, inganda z’ibyuma n’ibyuma zigomba gufata ingamba zifatika zo guteza imbere imikorere ihamye y’inganda zose hakurikijwe ibisabwa ngo “guhagarika umusaruro, gutanga ibicuruzwa, kugenzura ibiciro, gukumira ingaruka , kuzamura ireme, no gushimangira inyungu ”.

Shakisha iterambere hamwe no gushikama, kandi ushikame hamwe niterambere.Li Xinchuang, umunyamabanga wa komite y’ishyaka akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo gishinzwe igenamigambi n’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda za Metallurgiki, yasesenguye ko guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw’inganda z’ibyuma, kuzamura ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya ari umurimo w’ibanze, kandi kunoza imiterere y’inganda nicyo gikorwa nyamukuru .

Intego yibyifuzo byigihugu cyanjye ibyuma byahindutse buhoro buhoro biva kuri "birahari" bijya "nibyiza cyangwa sibyo".Muri icyo gihe, haracyari toni zigera kuri miliyoni 2 2 z'ibikoresho by'ibyuma “bigufi” bigomba gutumizwa mu mahanga, bisaba ko inganda z'ibyuma zibanda ku gutanga udushya no gukomeza kuzamura ireme ry'ibicuruzwa."Ibitekerezo" bifata "kuzamura cyane ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya" nkintego yambere yiterambere ryujuje ubuziranenge, kandi bisaba ko ingufu z’ishoramari R&D ziharanira kugera kuri 1.5%.Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kuzamura urwego rw’ubwenge no kugera ku ntego eshatu za “igipimo cyo kugenzura umubare w’ibikorwa byingenzi kigera kuri 80%, igipimo cy’ibikoresho by’ibicuruzwa kigera kuri 55%, no gushyiraho abarenga 30 inganda zifite ubwenge ”.

Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere kunoza no guhindura imiterere y’inganda z’ibyuma, “Ibitekerezo” byashyize imbere intego n’iterambere by’iterambere mu bintu bine: kwibanda ku nganda, imiterere y’ibikorwa, imiterere y’inganda, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gutanga, bisaba ko habaho iterambere ry’ubuhinzi, hamwe na Umubare w'ibyuma bitanga amashanyarazi mu musaruro rusange w’ibyuma bigomba kongerwa kugera kuri hejuru ya 15%, imiterere yinganda irumvikana, kandi isoko nibisabwa bikomeza uburinganire buhanitse.

Tegeka kuyobora kuyobora iterambere ryitanura ryamashanyarazi

Inganda zibyuma ninganda zifite imyuka myinshi yangiza imyuka mubyiciro 31 byinganda.Mu guhangana n’imbogamizi zikomeye z’umutungo, ingufu n’ibidukikije, hamwe n’akazi katoroshye ko gufata karuboni no kutabogama kwa karubone, inganda z’ibyuma zigomba guhagurukira ikibazo kandi zihutisha iterambere ry’icyatsi na karubone.

Dufatiye ku ntego zivugwa muri “Ibitekerezo”, birakenewe ko hubakwa uburyo bwo gutunganya umutungo hagamijwe iterambere ry’inganda hagati y’inganda, kugira ngo habeho ihinduka ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere irenga 80% y’ubushobozi bw’ibyuma, kugira ngo ingufu zikoreshwa neza kuri toni y'ibyuma hejuru ya 2%, no kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mumazi kurenza 10%., kwemeza impinga ya karubone muri 2030.

Ati: "Icyatsi kibisi n'iciriritse bihatira inganda z'ibyuma n'ibyuma guhindura no kuzamura kugira ngo zirusheho guhangana."Lv Guixin, umugenzuzi wo ku rwego rwa mbere w’ishami rishinzwe ibikoresho by’inganda muri Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, yagaragaje ko iterambere rya karuboni nkeya n’icyatsi ari urufunguzo rwo guhindura, kuzamura no guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw’icyuma n’ibyuma inganda."Igenzura" rizahindukira kuri "dual control" yimyuka myuka yose hamwe nuburemere.Umuntu wese ushobora gufata iyambere mubyatsi na karubone nkeya azafata umwanya muremure witerambere.

Igihugu cyanjye kimaze gushyiraho intego ebyiri "zibiri za karubone", hashyizweho komite ishinzwe guteza imbere imirimo ya Carbone Ntoya ya Carbone.Ibigo byambere mu nganda byafashe iyambere mugutanga ingengabihe nigishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ingufu za karubone no kutabogama kwa karubone.Itsinda ryinganda zicyuma nicyuma zirimo gukora ubushakashatsi bwa metallurgie nkeya.Iterambere mu buhanga bushya.

Gutezimbere itanura ryamashanyarazi mugihe gito-gukora ibyuma ukoresheje ibyuma bisakaye nkibikoresho fatizo nuburyo bwiza bwo kuzamura iterambere ryicyatsi na karubone nkeya munganda zicyuma nicyuma.Ugereranije no gutanura itanura-itunganya inzira ndende, itanura ryuzuye ry itanura ryamashanyarazi mugihe gito gishobora kugabanya imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone 70%, kandi ibyuka bihumanya bikagabanuka cyane.Ingaruka ziterwa nubutunzi bwibyuma bidahagije, uruganda rwanjye rwicyuma nicyuma rwiganjemo inzira ndende (hafi 90%), hiyongeraho inzira ngufi (hafi 10%), ibyo bikaba biri munsi yikigereranyo cyisi ku isi mugihe gito.

Mugihe cy "Gahunda yimyaka 14 yimyaka 5", igihugu cyanjye kizateza imbere imikoreshereze myiza kandi myiza yumutungo wibyuma, kandi uyobore iterambere ryogukora ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi muburyo bukwiye."Ibitekerezo" byasabye ko igipimo cy'umusaruro w'ibyuma bya EAF mu musaruro rusange w'ibyuma bigomba kwiyongera kugera kuri 15%.Shishikariza itanura ryujuje ibyangombwa-bihindura imishinga miremire ihindura kandi itezimbere itanura ryamashanyarazi mugihe gito-cyuma gikora ibyuma.

Gutezimbere byimbitse guhindura imyuka ihumanya ikirere nayo ni intambara itoroshye inganda zibyuma zigomba kurwanya.Mu minsi mike ishize, Wu Xianfeng, umugenzuzi wo ku rwego rwa mbere akaba n’umuyobozi wungirije w’ishami ry’ibidukikije ry’ikirere cya Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije, yavuze ko ukurikije gahunda yo guhindura ibintu yatanzwe na Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije mu turere tw’intara n’intara, toni miliyoni 560 z'ubushobozi bwo gukora ibyuma bya peteroli hamwe no guhindura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bizarangira mu mpera za 2022. Kugeza ubu, toni miliyoni 140 gusa z’ibicuruzwa by’ibyuma byarangije guhindura imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu buryo bwose, kandi umurimo uragoye.

Wu Xianfeng yashimangiye ko ari ngombwa kwerekana ingingo z'ingenzi, gushaka iterambere mu gukomeza umutekano, no guteza imbere ihinduka ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere hamwe n’ibipimo bihanitse.Inganda zicyuma nicyuma zigomba gukurikiza ihame ryuko igihe kigengwa nubwiza, bagahitamo ikoranabuhanga rikuze, rihamye kandi ryizewe.Ni nkenerwa kwerekana ibice byingenzi n’ibihuza byingenzi, uturere dufite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzamura ibidukikije by’ikirere bigomba kwihutisha iterambere, inganda zigihe kirekire zigomba kwihutisha iterambere, kandi ibigo binini bya leta bigomba gufata iyambere.Ibigo bigomba gukoresha ibyuka bihumanya ikirere binyuze mubikorwa byose, inzira yose, hamwe nubuzima bwose, kandi bigakora filozofiya hamwe ningeso yo gukora.